Liu–Zhang's edge bound in terms of maximum forcing number

From papers

Let GG be a finite simple graph of order 2n2n with a perfect matching. Write e(G)e(G) for the number of edges of GG, and let F(G)F(G) denote its maximum forcing number. Liu–Zhang's conjecture. The graph GG satisfies

e(G)n2nF(G), equivalently, F(G)nn2e(G).e(G)\geq \frac{n^2}{n-F(G)}, \text{ equivalently, } F(G)\leq n-\frac{n^2}{e(G)}.

This conjecture proposes an improved lower bound on the number of edges in terms of the maximum forcing number; the supplied source does not indicate whether it has been resolved.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Qianqian Liu, Ajit A. Diwan and Heping Zhang, “Graphs with large maximum forcing number”, arXiv:2512.22761 (2025).

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