Uniqueness conjecture for trisections of the 4-sphere
Uniqueness conjecture for trisections of the 4-sphere
A trisection of a closed 4-manifold is a decomposition into three 4-dimensional 1-handlebodies whose pairwise intersections are 3-dimensional handlebodies and whose triple intersection is a closed surface. A stabilization is the connected sum of a trisection diagram with one of the genus-1 trisection diagrams of ; the reverse operation is a destabilization. Two trisections of the same closed 4-manifold are isotopic if an isotopy of the manifold carries each sector of one trisection to the corresponding sector of the other. The trisection uniqueness conjecture. Each trisection of is isotopic to the genus-0 trisection or its stabilization. This is a 4-dimensional analogue of Waldhausen's theorem, which states that each genus- Heegaard splitting of is isotopic to the stabilization of the genus-0 Heegaard splitting. The supplied status evidence indicates that the conjecture is disproved: a counterexample may be obtained from trisection diagrams of a 4-manifold diffeomorphic to , since isotopic trisections are diffeomorphic.
Sources & referencesView supporting material
Primary source
Tsukasa Isoshima and Reo Yabuguchi, “Trisections and Lefschetz fibrations with (-n)-sections”, arXiv:2512.21001 (2026).
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