Conjecture on non-existence of holomorphic isomonodromic deformations of non-nilpotent Higgs bundles

Let Tg\mathcal T_g denote the Teichmüller space of compact Riemann surfaces of genus g2g\geq2, let X/Tg\mathcal X/\mathcal T_g be its universal family, and let MDol(X/Tg)\mathcal M_{\text{Dol}}(\mathcal X/\mathcal T_g) be the relative Dolbeault moduli space parameterizing polystable SL(n,C)\mathrm{SL}(n,\mathbb C)-Higgs bundles. A Higgs bundle (E,ˉ,θ)(E,\bar\partial,\theta) in this moduli space is non-nilpotent when its Higgs field is not nilpotent. Non-existence conjecture. For a non-nilpotent Higgs bundle (E,ˉ,θ)(E,\bar\partial,\theta) in MDol(X/Tg)\mathcal M_{\text{Dol}}(\mathcal X/\mathcal T_g), its isomonodromic deformation fails to be holomorphic over Tg\mathcal T_g. This conjecture is motivated by the preceding non-existence theorems for generic Higgs bundles and for low-rank non-unitary Higgs bundles; the general non-nilpotent case remains open.

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Primary source

Tianzhi Hu, Ruiran Sun and Kang Zuo, “Non-existence of holomorphic isomonodromic deformation of a Higgs bundle”, arXiv:2512.15478 (2026).

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