The Toms–Winter conjecture

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Let AA be a unital, separable, simple, nuclear, non-elementary C∗C^*-algebra. Say that AA has finite nuclear dimension when its nuclear dimension is finite, that AA is Z\mathcal{Z}-stable when A⊗Z≅AA\otimes\mathcal{Z}\cong A, and that AA has strict comparison when positive elements are compared by lower semicontinuous 22-quasitraces as described in the source.

The Toms–Winter conjecture. The following conditions are equivalent:

(i)A has finite nuclear dimension;(ii)A is Z-stable;(iii)A has strict comparison.\begin{array}{ll} \text{(i)}& A\text{ has finite nuclear dimension};\\ \text{(ii)}& A\text{ is }\mathcal{Z}\text{-stable};\\ \text{(iii)}& A\text{ has strict comparison}. \end{array}

The conjecture arose in the Elliott classification program and asserts that three central regularity properties of simple nuclear C∗C^*-algebras coincide. The supplied text does not provide evidence resolving the conjecture, so its status is recorded as open.

References

Primary source

Eduard Vilalta, “An introduction to the Global Glimm Problem”, arXiv:2512.13334 (2025).

Additional references

10 papers in this index state this conjecture (2014–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2506.10902, arXiv:2212.02290, arXiv:1912.04207, arXiv:1711.04721, arXiv:1602.08072, arXiv:1509.08318, arXiv:1506.03974, arXiv:1403.0747, arXiv:1403.6788.

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