The optimal linear bound for zero-sum Ramsey numbers of forests

Let pp be prime, let np=n(p)n_p=n(p) be a positive integer, and let FF be a forest on nnpn\geq n_p vertices such that pe(F)p\mid e(F). Here R(F,Zp)R(F,\mathbb{Z}_p) denotes the least order of a complete graph such that every edge-coloring by Zp\mathbb{Z}_p contains a zero-sum copy of FF. The optimal forest bound. For every prime pp, there is a positive integer np=n(p)n_p=n(p) such that

R(F,Zp)n+p1.R(F,\mathbb{Z}_p)\leq n+p-1.

The paper proves the weaker bound R(F,Zp)n+9p12R(F,\mathbb{Z}_p)\leq n+9p-12 for forests with n3p212p+11n\geq 3p^2-12p+11, while constructions show that the additive constant cannot be smaller than p1p-1.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Lucas Colucci and Marco D'Emidio, “A linear upper bound on the zero-sum Ramsey number of forests in Z_p”, arXiv:2512.06229 (2026).

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