The conjecture on polynomial-size join/union expressions for permutation cycles
Let , let be the set of permutations of , and let be the set of -cycles in . A join/union expression is an expression built using the paper's join and union operations that represents a set of maps. Cycle-expression conjecture. For every polynomial , there exists an integer such that does not have a join/union expression of size at most , even if is represented in unary. The preceding theorem gives a conditional obstruction: a polynomial-time construction would imply . The source presents the unconditional size lower bound as an open conjecture.
References
Primary source
Ambroise Baril, Miguel Couceiro and Victor Lagerkvist, “New Perspectives on Semiring Applications to Dynamic Programming”, arXiv:2512.03916 (2025).
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