Poisson Tail Conjecture for gaps between consecutive primes

Let pnp_n denote the nnth prime, and let ε>0\varepsilon>0. Poisson Tail Conjecture. For 1H(logX)2ε1\leq H\leq(\log X)^{2-\varepsilon}, the two gap-counting quantities satisfy

pn+1Xpn+1pnH1eH/logXXlogX,\sum_{\substack{p_{n+1}\leq X \\ p_{n+1}-p_n\geq H}}1\asymp e^{-H/\log X}\frac{X}{\log X}, pn+1Xpn+1pnH(pn+1pn)(1+HlogX)eH/logXX.\sum_{\substack{p_{n+1}\leq X \\ p_{n+1}-p_n\geq H}}(p_{n+1}-p_n)\asymp\left(1+\frac{H}{\log X}\right)e^{-H/\log X}X.

For H>(logX)2+εH>(\log X)^{2+\varepsilon} and XX sufficiently large, both quantities vanish. This conjecture models prime gaps as having Poisson tails at the scale of the average gap logX\log X; the stated ranges and asymptotics are not currently known in full.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Noah Kravitz, Katharine Woo and Max Wenqiang Xu, “The distribution of prime values of random polynomials”, arXiv:2512.03292 (2025).

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