The SOS conjecture for symmetric biquadratic M-tensors
The SOS conjecture for symmetric biquadratic M-tensors
Let be a symmetric biquadratic M-tensor: a symmetric biquadratic tensor that can be written as , where is the M-identity tensor, is nonnegative, and . Here an SOS tensor is one whose associated biquadratic form is a finite sum of squares of bilinear forms. SOS conjecture for symmetric biquadratic M-tensors. Every symmetric biquadratic M-tensor is an SOS tensor. The source notes that such tensors are PSD, but says that proving the SOS assertion would require new techniques connecting M-eigenvalues with matrix eigenvalues.
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Sources & referencesView supporting material
Primary source
Yi Xu, Chunfeng Cui and Liqun Qi, “Sum of Squares Decompositions for Structured Biquadratic Forms”, arXiv:2512.02734 (2025).
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