The extremal algebraic-connectivity conjecture for k-path graphs

Let PnkP_n^k denote the kk-path graph of order nn, let Kk1K_{k-1} be the complete graph on k1k-1 vertices, let Pnk+1P_{n-k+1} be the path on nk+1n-k+1 vertices, and let \vee denote the graph join. For fixed nk+1n\geq k+1 and k2k\geq 2, the algebraic connectivity is the second-smallest Laplacian eigenvalue.

Extremal algebraic-connectivity conjecture. Given fixed nk+1n\geq k+1 and k2k\geq 2, the unique kk-path graph that maximizes the algebraic connectivity is Kk1Pnk+1K_{k-1}\vee P_{n-k+1}. Moreover, under the same conditions, the unique kk-path graph that minimizes the algebraic connectivity is PnkP_n^k.

This conjecture identifies unique maximizers and minimizers of algebraic connectivity among kk-path graphs. It is motivated by observed structural patterns and computational experiments; no resolution is supplied in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Rafael L. de Paula, Claudia M. Justel, Carla S. Oliveira and Milena S. Carauba, “k-path graphs: experiments and conjectures about algebraic connectivity and α-index”, arXiv:2511.21524 (2026).

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