Green's conjecture on graded Betti numbers of curves

Let XX be a curve of genus gg. For a divisor DD on XX of degree dd, let gdrg_d^r denote a subspace of the Riemann–Roch space L(D)L(D) of dimension r+1r+1, and let βp,2\beta_{p,2} be the corresponding graded Betti number. Green's conjecture. One has βp,20\beta_{p,2}\neq 0 if and only if there exists a divisor DD on XX of degree dd such that a subspace gdrg_d^r of L(D)L(D) satisfies dg1d\leq g-1, r=(D)11r=\ell(D)-1\geq 1, and d2rpd-2r\leq p. This conjecture relates the graded Betti numbers of a curve to the existence of linear series such as a g41g_4^1, and is used in studying the complex gonality of modular curves. The source does not provide enough information here to determine whether the conjecture is open or resolved.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Petar Orlić, “Tetragonal modular quotients of X_0(N)”, arXiv:2511.13230 (2025).

Additional references

27 papers in this index state this conjecture (1998–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2510.22291, arXiv:2510.01908, arXiv:2407.14512, arXiv:2404.08014, arXiv:2311.09955, arXiv:2207.11650, arXiv:1912.05998, arXiv:1804.08011, arXiv:1803.10481, arXiv:1711.04463, arXiv:1703.10203, arXiv:1703.08056, and 14 more.

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