Guo–Wang–Zhang's curved Kakeya conjecture for Bourgain's condition

Let M0MM_0\subset M and Σ0Σ\Sigma_0\subset\Sigma be closed balls, let V0=ξϕ(M0,Σ0)\mathcal V_0=\nabla_\xi\phi(M_0,\Sigma_0), and let a ϕ\phi-Kakeya set be a compact set KM0K\subset M_0 containing ξ,vM0\ell_{\xi,v}\cap M_0 for some vV0v\in\mathcal V_0 for every ξΣ0\xi\in\Sigma_0. Let Bourgain's condition be the condition defined by

(G(x,ξ)x)2ξ2ϕ(x,ξ)=λ(x,ξ)(G(x,ξ)x)ξ2ϕ(x,ξ).(G(\mathbf{x},\xi)\cdot\nabla_\mathbf{x})^2\nabla_\xi^2\phi(\mathbf{x},\xi)=\lambda(\mathbf{x},\xi)(G(\mathbf{x},\xi)\cdot\nabla_\mathbf{x})\nabla_\xi^2\phi(\mathbf{x},\xi).

Curved Kakeya conjecture. If ϕ\phi satisfies Bourgain's condition, then every ϕ\phi-Kakeya set has Hausdorff dimension nn.

This is a curved analogue of the classical Kakeya conjecture and is motivated by the connection between Kakeya incidence estimates and Hörmander-type oscillatory integrals. The supplied context gives the implication from the conjectured oscillatory-integral estimate, but does not state a resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Arian Nadjimzadah, “Bourgain's condition, sticky Kakeya, and new examples”, arXiv:2511.10918 (2026).

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