Support conjecture for Brown measures of multiplicative Brownian products

From papers

Let (A,τ)(\mathscr{A},\tau) be a WW^*-probability space and let b0b_0 be an invertible operator in it. For zCz\in\mathbb{C}, define

p~0(z)=τ[b0z2],p~2(z)=τ[b0b0b0z2].\tilde{p}_0(z)=\tau[|b_0-z|^{-2}],\qquad \tilde{p}_2(z)=\tau[b_0^*b_0|b_0-z|^{-2}].

For any operator aa, write a2=aa|a|^2=a^*a. Define T(b0,z)T(b_0,z) by

T(b0,z)=1z2p~2(z)p~0(z)log(z2p~0(z)p~2(z)),T(b_0,z)=\frac{1}{|z|^2\tilde{p}_2(z)-\tilde{p}_0(z)}\log\left(\frac{|z|^2\tilde{p}_0(z)}{\tilde{p}_2(z)}\right),

and, for t>0t>0, define

Σ(b0,t)={zC:T(b0,z)<t}.\Sigma(b_0,t)=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:T(b_0,z)<t\}.

Let b(t,ζ)b(t,\zeta) be a free multiplicative Brownian motion freely independent of b0b_0, and let Ψt,ζb0\Psi^{b_0}_{t,\zeta} be the map defined in the source. Support conjecture for multiplicative Brownian products. The support of the Brown measure of b0b(t,ζ)b_0b(t,\zeta) equals Σ(b0,t,ζ)\overline{\Sigma(b_0,t,\zeta)}, the image of Σ(b0,t)\overline{\Sigma(b_0,t)} under Ψt,ζb0\Psi^{b_0}_{t,\zeta}. This conjecture extends the known positive-definite case to arbitrary invertible initial operators; the supplied evidence states that for positive definite b0b_0 the support was proved to be contained in the conjectured region, apart from an exception at 00, while equality remains open in the stated generality.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Tatiana Brailovskaya, Nicholas A. Cook, Todd Kemp and Félix Parraud, “Eigenvalues of Brownian Motions on GL(N,C)”, arXiv:2511.10535 (2026).

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