The GOE nodal-count central limit conjecture

Let AA be a random n×nn\times n matrix drawn from the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble. For fixed kk, define the normalized nodal count by

ϕ(A,k)‾:=ϕ(A,k)−E[ϕ(A,k)]Var(ϕ(A,k)).\overline{\phi(A,k)}:=\frac{\phi(A,k)-\mathbb{E}[\phi(A,k)]}{\sqrt{\mathrm{Var}(\phi(A,k))}}.

GOE nodal-count central limit conjecture. For every k∈[n]k\in[n],

dist(ϕ(A,k)‾,N(0,1))=o(1),\mathrm{dist}\left(\overline{\phi(A,k)},N(0,1)\right)=o(1),

as nn grows, uniformly in kk, for any reasonable distance between random variables. The conjecture concerns Gaussian fluctuations of GOE nodal counts; the paper reports numerical evidence but does not provide a proof in the supplied text.

References

Primary source

Lior Alon, Dan Mikulincer and John Urschel, “Nodal Count for Orthogonally Invariant Ensembles”, arXiv:2511.02784 (2025).

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