Asymptotic count of length-four continued-fraction strings with nontrivial symmetries

From papers

For a string a\mathbf{a} of positive integers, call a permutation-induced equality PGK(σ(a))=PGK(a)P_{GK}(\sigma(\mathbf{a}))=P_{GK}(\mathbf{a}) nontrivial when σ(a)a\sigma(\mathbf{a})\ne\mathbf{a} and σ(a)a\sigma(\mathbf{a})\ne\overleftarrow{\mathbf{a}}. Let f(N,4)f(N,4) be the number of unordered 44-tuples of distinct positive integers at most NN having a permutation with a nontrivial symmetry, and let δ(N,4)=f(N,4)/(N4)\delta(N,4)=f(N,4)/\binom{N}{4}.

Length-four symmetry-count conjecture.

limNδ(N,4)=0\lim_{N\to\infty}\delta(N,4)=0

and

limNlogf(N,4)logN=1.\lim_{N\to\infty}\frac{\log f(N,4)}{\log N}=1.

The second assertion is stronger than the first and predicts that the number of exceptional 44-tuples has polynomial growth of exponent one, while the observed proportion tends to zero. The paper notes that its construction already gives the corresponding lower-bound exponent, but the upper bound remains open.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shreyas Singh, Zhuo Zhang and AJ Hildebrand, “An Elementary Characterization of the Gauss–Kuzmin Measure in the Theory of Continued Fractions”, arXiv:2511.01992 (2025).

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