Maximum-size conjecture for strongly identity-forcing matrices

Let IkI_k be the k×kk\times k identity matrix. For an n×nn\times n matrix, let M(n,Ik)\mathrm{M}(n,I_k) denote the maximum possible number of 11-entries in a strongly IkI_k-forcing matrix. Maximum-size conjecture for strongly identity-forcing matrices. If nk3n\geq k\geq 3, then

M(n,Ik)=n2(2k3)n(2kk2).\mathrm{M}(n,I_k)=n^2-(2k-3)n-(2k-k^2).

The formula is motivated by an explicit strongly IkI_k-forcing construction and is known for k=2k=2 and k=3k=3; its validity for all nk3n\geq k\geq 3 remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Lei Cao and Shen-Fu Tsai, “Pattern Forcing (0,1)-Matrices”, arXiv:2510.27076 (2025).

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