The 1/3-2/3 conjecture for linear extensions
The 1/3-2/3 conjecture for linear extensions
Let be a finite poset. For distinct elements , define
and let
where the probabilities are taken over a uniformly random linear extension of . The 1/3-2/3 conjecture. If is not a chain, then . This conjecture is motivated by sorting problems; the bound is known to be tight, but the conjectured constant remains unresolved, with the best stated general lower bound being .
Sources & referencesView supporting material
Primary source
Max Aires and Jeff Kahn, “Variance vs. range for linear extensions, and balancing extensions in posets of bounded width”, arXiv:2510.26134 (2025).
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