Subcritical Gaussian multiplicative chaos Fourier coefficient limit conjecture

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Let γ∈(1/2,2)\gamma\in(1/\sqrt{2},\sqrt{2}), let μγ\mu_\gamma be the Gaussian multiplicative chaos measure on [0,1][0,1] with parameter γ\gamma, and let cnc_n be its nn-th Fourier coefficient. Subcritical Fourier coefficient limit conjecture. The random variables

(log⁡n)3γ/(22)n(2−γ)2/2∣cn∣(\log n)^{3\gamma/(2\sqrt{2})}n^{(\sqrt{2}-\gamma)^2/2}|c_n|

should converge in distribution, as n→∞n\to\infty, to a non-trivial limiting random variable. This is a heuristic prediction for the subcritical range γ∈(1/2,2)\gamma\in(1/\sqrt{2},\sqrt{2}); the surrounding discussion explicitly says that the heuristics are not made rigorous there.

References

Primary source

Louis-Pierre Arguin and Jad Hamdan, “On the Fourier coefficients of critical Gaussian multiplicative chaos”, arXiv:2510.24424 (2026).

Progress summary

Refreshed
Open

No proof or counterexample has been found for the conjectured subcritical limit; only weaker decay and convergence results are known.

Arguin and Hamdan formulate the conjecture that the stated normalization of the Fourier coefficient of subcritical Gaussian multiplicative chaos converges to a non-trivial random limit. Their source explicitly says the supporting heuristics are not rigorous in the range γ∈(1/2,2)\gamma\in(1/\sqrt{2},\sqrt{2}).

Known results

  • Garban and Vargas proved the Rajchman property: cn→0c_n\to0 almost surely for γ<2\gamma<\sqrt{2}.
  • Garban and Vargas obtained a convergence-in-law result in the smaller range γ<1/2\gamma<1/\sqrt{2}.
  • Subsequent work on the Fourier dimension of one-dimensional GMC addresses a different question and does not establish the conjectured normalized limit.

Current status (as of August 2026): the normalized convergence remains open for γ∈(1/2,2)\gamma\in(1/\sqrt{2},\sqrt{2}); no proof, counterexample, or claimed settlement was found.

Sources

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