The simsun and zigzag refinements of the zigzag numbers
The simsun and zigzag refinements of the zigzag numbers
For , define and by
and
Here a simsun permutation is a permutation with the stated simsun property, and a big return is the stated statistic on an alternating permutation. Simsun and zigzag refinement conjecture. The coefficient is the number of simsun permutations in with descents, while is the number of alternating permutations in with big returns. These identities would give two distinct natural refinements of the zigzag numbers , since . They are supported experimentally by the displayed small cases; the source does not provide a resolution.
Progress summary
Nothing recorded yet. Refresh searches the literature and the public web for attempts on this problem, and writes the first summary here.
Sources & referencesView supporting material
Primary source
Sam Hopkins, “Two t-analogues of the tree inversion enumerator”, arXiv:2510.22385 (2026).
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