The Tree Unimodality Conjecture

From papers

Let TT be a tree, let α=α(T)\alpha=\alpha(T) be its independence number, and let aia_i denote the number of independent sets of cardinality ii, so that a0=1a_0=1. The Tree Unimodality Conjecture. There exists an index mm such that

a0a1amam+1aα.a_0\leq a_1\leq\cdots\leq a_m\geq a_{m+1}\geq\cdots\geq a_\alpha.

This conjecture asserts unimodality for independence sequences of trees, a family for which unimodality remains a central question despite counterexamples for general graphs. The supplied text does not state whether it has been resolved.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Eric Ramos and Sunny Sun, “An AI enhanced approach to the tree unimodality conjecture”, arXiv:2510.18826 (2025).

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