The precise homological complexity characterization of complexity classes

Let C\mathcal{C} be a natural complexity class, let h(Ln)h(L_n) denote the homological complexity of the restriction LnL_n of a problem LL to inputs of size nn, and let fC:NNf_{\mathcal{C}}:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{N}. Precise homological complexity characterization. For every natural complexity class C\mathcal{C}, there exists a function fCf_{\mathcal{C}} such that

C={L:h(Ln)fC(n) for all n}.\mathcal{C}=\{L:h(L_n)\leq f_{\mathcal{C}}(n)\text{ for all }n\}.

This conjectures a size-sensitive homological characterization of every natural complexity class. The source presents it as a future research direction and gives no proof or resolution.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Jian-Gang Tang, “A Homological Separation of P from NP via Computational Topology and Category Theory”, arXiv:2510.17829 (2025).

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