The scaling limit conjecture for random planar maps to Liouville quantum gravity

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Let MnM_n be a random planar map with nn edges whose law is given, for each fixed map m\mathfrak m with nn edges, by

P[Mn=m]=c0(det⁡Δm)−cM⁡/2,\mathbb{P}[M_n=\mathfrak m] = c_0(\operatorname{det}\Delta_{\mathfrak m})^{- {\bf c}_{\operatorname{M}} /2},

where Δm\Delta_{\mathfrak m} is the graph Laplacian and c0>0c_0>0 is a normalizing constant. The parameter cM⁡{\bf c}_{\operatorname{M}} is the central charge of the conformal matter, and γ\gamma is the corresponding LQG parameter determined by the relation in the source. Scaling limit conjecture. For cM⁡≤1{\bf c}_{\operatorname{M}}\leq 1, the planar maps MnM_n converge in the scaling limit to a γ\gamma-LQG surface. This conjecture expresses the prediction that random planar maps coupled to conformal matter have Liouville quantum gravity as their continuum scaling limit; it is known for a number of natural models, including several maps decorated by statistical physics models, but the general statement remains open.

References

Primary source

Nina Holden and Xin Sun, “Liouville quantum gravity: from random planar maps to conformal field theory”, arXiv:2510.16431 (2025).

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