Unbounded denominators conjecture for noncongruence modular forms
Unbounded denominators conjecture for noncongruence modular forms
Let be a finite-index noncongruence subgroup, and let be a noncongruence modular form for whose Fourier coefficients lie in .
Unbounded denominators conjecture. The Fourier coefficients of have unbounded denominators. Equivalently, for every positive integer , the Fourier coefficients of are not all algebraic integers.
This folklore conjecture distinguishes noncongruence modular forms from congruence modular forms, which have bases with algebraic-integral Fourier coefficients. The conjecture was proved by Calegari, Dimitrov, and Tang using Nevanlinna theory, although their proof does not determine which primes can occur in the unbounded denominators.
Sources & referencesView supporting material
Primary source
William Y. Chen, “Noncongruence modular curves as Hurwitz spaces”, arXiv:2510.12003 (2025).
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