Noncongruence conjecture for nonabelian finite simple groups

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Let GG be a nonabelian finite simple group. A finite group is noncongruence if it cannot occur as the monodromy group of a congruence cover in the relevant moduli problem.

Noncongruence conjecture. Every nonabelian finite simple group GG is noncongruence.

This conjecture refines the observed tendency for highly nonabelian groups to be uniformized by subgroups of low congruence degree. It was motivated by computations for finite simple groups of order at most 175560175560, with only a small number of congruence components observed.

References

Primary source

William Y. Chen, “Noncongruence modular curves as Hurwitz spaces”, arXiv:2510.12003 (2025).

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