Order-4 meridian and stable irreducibility conjecture for the Klein bottles K(l,m,n)\mathcal K(l,m,n)

Let K(l,m,n)\mathcal K(l,m,n) denote the Klein bottle constructed from the parameters l,m,nl,m,n. Its meridians are said to have order 4 when they represent elements of order 44 in the fundamental group of the complement; it is indecomposable if it cannot be expressed as a nontrivial connected sum, and stably irreducible if it does not become reducible after stabilization. Order-4 meridian and stable irreducibility conjecture. Each K(l,m,n)\mathcal K(l,m,n) has order-4 meridians, is indecomposable, and is stably irreducible. The preceding proposition shows that each such Klein bottle is either stably irreducible or stably isotopic to a projective plane with order-4 meridians; the conjecture asserts the stronger alternative and also includes indecomposability.

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Primary source

Jeffrey Meier, “Indecomposable Klein bottles with order-4 meridians”, arXiv:2510.06358 (2025).

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