Conjectured bounds for real-variable Kloosterman sums in dimensions 3 and 4

Let Bd,n(r)B_{d,n}(r) and B~d,n(r)\widetilde{B}_{d,n}(r) be the functions appearing in the radial Fourier interpolation formulas for dimensions d=3,4d=3,4, with nn an appropriate positive integer, rRr\in\mathbb R, and constants c>0c>0 and ε>0\varepsilon>0. Conjectured bounds. If r2cr^2\geq c, then

B4,n(r), B~4,n(r)ε,cn1/2+ε,|B_{4,n}(r)|,\ |\widetilde{B}_{4,n}(r)|\ll_{\varepsilon,c} n^{1/2+\varepsilon},

while

B3,n(r), B~3,n(r)ε,cn1/4+ε.|B_{3,n}(r)|,\ |\widetilde{B}_{3,n}(r)|\ll_{\varepsilon,c} n^{1/4+\varepsilon}.

These bounds would strengthen the proved estimates n3/4+εn^{3/4+\varepsilon} in dimension 44 and n1/2+εn^{1/2+\varepsilon} in dimension 33, giving sharper control of the coefficients in the radial Fourier interpolation formulas. They are presented as an optimistic conjecture and remain open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Danylo Radchenko and Qihang Sun, “Fourier interpolation in dimensions 3 and 4 and real-variable Kloosterman sums”, arXiv:2510.04873 (2025).

Additional references

3 papers in this index state this conjecture (2017–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2411.10633, arXiv:1702.00929.

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