Conjectured bounds for real-variable Kloosterman sums in dimensions 3 and 4

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Let Bd,n(r)B_{d,n}(r) and B~d,n(r)\widetilde{B}_{d,n}(r) be the functions appearing in the radial Fourier interpolation formulas for dimensions d=3,4d=3,4, with nn an appropriate positive integer, r∈Rr\in\mathbb R, and constants c>0c>0 and ε>0\varepsilon>0. Conjectured bounds. If r2≥cr^2\geq c, then

∣B4,n(r)∣, ∣B~4,n(r)∣≪ε,cn1/2+ε,|B_{4,n}(r)|,\ |\widetilde{B}_{4,n}(r)|\ll_{\varepsilon,c} n^{1/2+\varepsilon},

while

∣B3,n(r)∣, ∣B~3,n(r)∣≪ε,cn1/4+ε.|B_{3,n}(r)|,\ |\widetilde{B}_{3,n}(r)|\ll_{\varepsilon,c} n^{1/4+\varepsilon}.

These bounds would strengthen the proved estimates n3/4+εn^{3/4+\varepsilon} in dimension 44 and n1/2+εn^{1/2+\varepsilon} in dimension 33, giving sharper control of the coefficients in the radial Fourier interpolation formulas. They are presented as an optimistic conjecture and remain open.

References

Primary source

Danylo Radchenko and Qihang Sun, “Fourier interpolation in dimensions 3 and 4 and real-variable Kloosterman sums”, arXiv:2510.04873 (2025).

Additional references

3 papers in this index state this conjecture (2017–2025). The statement above is taken from the most recent of them; the others are arXiv:2411.10633, arXiv:1702.00929.

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