Diffusion conjecture for random Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms

Let (M,ω)(M,\omega) be a closed symplectic manifold, let pMp \in M be arbitrary, and let

evp:Ham(M,ω)Mev_p: \operatorname{Ham}(M,\omega) \to M

be the evaluation map at pp. A law-defining datum is denoted by D\mathcal{D}, and μHamD\mu_{\operatorname{Ham}}^{\mathcal{D}} is the associated probability measure on Ham(M,ω)\operatorname{Ham}(M,\omega).

Diffusion conjecture. For every ε>0\varepsilon>0, there exists a law-defining datum D\mathcal{D} such that the push-forward measure (evp)μHamD(ev_p)_*\mu_{\operatorname{Ham}}^{\mathcal{D}} and the uniform measure on MM are ε\varepsilon-close in a suitable metric, for example total variation or Wasserstein distance.

This conjecture formalizes the observed diffusion of points under random Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms: suitable random Hamiltonians should distribute the image of any fixed point nearly uniformly over the manifold. The supplied text does not state a resolution, so the conjecture remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Adrian Dawid, “Random Hamiltonians I: Probability measures and random walks on the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group”, arXiv:2510.03190 (2025).

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