Zeta-type functional equation conjecture for the exponential congruence symbol

Let nn and kk be fixed, let χk\chi_k be the exponential congruence symbol, and define its Dirichlet series by

L(s,χk)=m=1χk(m)ms.L(s,\chi_k)=\sum_{m=1}^{\infty}\frac{\chi_k(m)}{m^s}.

Define the completed function

Λ(s,χk)=πs/2Γ ⁣(s2)L(s,χk).\Lambda(s,\chi_k)=\pi^{-s/2}\Gamma\!\left(\tfrac{s}{2}\right)L(s,\chi_k).

Zeta-type relation. The completed function may satisfy a functional equation of the form

Λ(s,χk)=WΛ(1s,χk),\Lambda(s,\chi_k)=W\cdot\Lambda(1-s,\chi_k),

with a constant WW depending on nn and kk.

This conjecture seeks an analogue of the functional equation for completed classical LL-functions, but it remains open for the exponential congruence symbol.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Es-said En-naoui, “The Exponential Congruence Symbol”, arXiv:2510.00017 (2025).

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