Strong Schur log-concavity conjecture for diagonals of the quantum Pascal triangle

For nk0n\geqslant k\geqslant0, define the quantum binomial by

[nk]=[n][n1][nk+1][k][k1][1],\genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n}{k}=\frac{[n][n-1]\cdots[n-k+1]}{[k][k-1]\cdots[1]},

where [n]=(qnqn)/(q1q)[n]=(q^{-n}-q^n)/(q^{-1}-q) and [0]=0[0]=0. A sequence of Laurent polynomials is strongly Schur log-concave if each difference an+i(q)an(q)an+i+1(q)an1(q)a_{n+i}(q)a_n(q)-a_{n+i+1}(q)a_{n-1}(q) is centred, unimodal, and has non-negative coefficients. Quantum Pascal diagonal conjecture. For all choices of nk0n\geqslant k\geqslant0, α1\alpha\geqslant-1, and β0\beta\geqslant0, the diagonal

[nk],[nαk+β],[n2αk+2β],[n3αk+3β],[n4αk+4β],\genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n}{k},\quad \genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n-\alpha}{k+\beta},\quad \genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n-2\alpha}{k+2\beta},\quad \genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n-3\alpha}{k+3\beta},\quad \genfrac{[}{]}{0pt}{}{n-4\alpha}{k+4\beta},\quad\ldots

of slope α/β\alpha/\beta is strongly Schur log-concave. This is a data-driven conjecture about quantum analogues of Pascal-triangle diagonals; no resolution is supplied in the stated material.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Álvaro Gutiérrez and Christian Krattenthaler, “Schur log-concavity and the quantum Pascal triangle”, arXiv:2509.22648 (2025).

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