Cameron's conjecture on row parities in random Latin squares

Let L\mathbf{L} be a uniformly random n×nn\times n Latin square, and let Nrow(L)N_{\mathrm{row}}(\mathbf{L}) denote the number of odd row permutations of L\mathbf{L}. Cameron's conjecture. As nn\to\infty, the distribution of Nrow(L)N_{\mathrm{row}}(\mathbf{L}) is approximately the binomial distribution Bin(n,1/2)\operatorname{Bin}(n,1/2). This conjecture formalizes the idea that the row parities of a random Latin square behave like nn independent fair coin flips. The Alon--Tarsi conjecture would then hold only just barely, while the precise meaning and validity of this asymptotic approximation remain open.

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Primary source

Matthew Kwan, Kalina Petrova and Mehtaab Sawhney, “Parities in random Latin squares”, arXiv:2509.13125 (2025).

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