Griffiths–Lang conjecture for holomorphic curves and simple normal crossing divisors

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Let XX be a nonsingular complex projective algebraic variety, let DD be a simple normal crossing divisor on XX, and let mx,D(r)m_{\mathbf{x},D}(r) and Tx,KX−1(r)T_{\mathbf{x},K_X^{-1}}(r) denote the proximity and order functions associated with a holomorphic curve x:C→X\mathbf{x}:\mathbb{C}\to X. For an ample line bundle EE over XX, set

Sx(r)≔O(log⁡r+log⁡+Tx,E(r)).S_{\mathbf{x}}(r)\coloneqq O\bigl(\log r+\log^{+}T_{\mathbf{x},E}(r)\bigr).

Griffiths–Lang conjecture. There exists a proper Zariski closed subset ZD⊊XZ_D\subsetneq X such that, for all holomorphic curves x:C→X\mathbf{x}:\mathbb{C}\to X with x(C)⊈ZD\mathbf{x}(\mathbb{C})\nsubseteq Z_D, and for any ample line bundle EE over XX,

Nx,Ram(r)+mx,D(r)≤Tx,KX−1(r)+Sx(r),N_{\mathbf{x},\mathrm{Ram}}(r)+m_{\mathbf{x},D}(r)\leq T_{\mathbf{x},K_X^{-1}}(r)+S_{\mathbf{x}}(r),

where KX−1K_X^{-1} is the anticanonical bundle of XX. Giving an appropriate definition of the ramification counting function Nx,Ram(r)N_{\mathbf{x},\mathrm{Ram}}(r) is part of the content of the conjecture. This is an important conjectural second main theorem in Nevanlinna theory; the source gives no evidence of a resolution, and the general ramification term remains part of the conjecture.

References

Primary source

Shuhei Katsuta, “Combinatorial Structure in Nevanlinna Theory”, arXiv:2509.11696 (2025).

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