Baur's magnetic Faber–Krahn conjecture for higher eigenvalues

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Let Ω⊂R2\Omega \subset \mathbb R^2 be a bounded simply-connected planar domain with area ∣Ω∣=1|\Omega|=1, and let n∈Nn\in\mathbb N. For a homogeneous magnetic field of strength B≥0B\geq 0, let λn(Ω,B)\lambda_n(\Omega,B) denote the nnth eigenvalue of the shifted magnetic Laplacian with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Let D\mathbb D be the disk of unit area. Baur's conjecture. For all B≥2πnB\geq 2\pi n,

λn(Ω,B)≥λn(D,B).\lambda_n(\Omega,B)\geq\lambda_n(\mathbb D,B).

This conjecture proposes that, above the threshold 2πn2\pi n, the unit-area disk minimizes the nnth eigenvalue among bounded simply-connected planar domains. It is motivated by numerical evidence and by the expected tendency of optimal domains for magnetic eigenvalues to become more symmetric as the magnetic field grows; its resolution is not given here.

References

Primary source

Vladimir Lotoreichik and Léo Morin, “On shape optimization with large magnetic fields in two dimensions”, arXiv:2509.08412 (2025).

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