Hajela–Smith conjecture for exponential sums of the Liouville function

Let λ(n)\bm{\lambda}(n) be the Liouville function, defined by λ(1)=1\bm{\lambda}(1)=1 and λ(n)=(1)r\bm{\lambda}(n)=(-1)^r when rr is the number of prime factors of nn counted with multiplicity. For NNN\in\mathbb{N} and z=1|z|=1, consider the exponential sum

LN(z)=k=1Nλ(k)zk.L_N(z)=\sum_{k=1}^{N}\bm{\lambda}(k)z^k.

Hajela–Smith conjecture. For every ε>0\varepsilon>0,

LNεN1/2+ε.\|L_N\|_\infty\ll_\varepsilon N^{1/2+\varepsilon}.

This is a conjectural square-root-scale bound for Liouville exponential sums. The source notes that Baker and Harman proved the weaker bound LNεN3/4+ε\|L_N\|_\infty\ll_\varepsilon N^{3/4+\varepsilon} under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, while the conjecture itself is not assigned a resolution in the source.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

el Houcein el Abdalaoui, “A generalization of Littlewood's L^α flat theorem, α>0”, arXiv:2509.04212 (2025).

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