Minimalist conjecture for central vanishing of level-one cusp forms

Let ff be a cuspidal Hecke eigenform for the group SL2(Z)\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb Z) of weight kk, and let

m(f)=ords=1/2L(s,f).m(f)=\operatorname{ord}_{s=1/2}L(s,f).

Minimalist central-vanishing conjecture. If k2(mod4)k\equiv2\, (\mathrm{mod} {\, 4}), then m(f)=1m(f)=1. When k2(mod4)k\equiv2\, (\mathrm{mod} {\, 4}), the functional equation forces central vanishing, so the conjecture asserts that this forced zero is simple and that there is no additional vanishing. The source says that no precise conjecture for this case had previously been recorded, and cites positive-proportion results for nonzero central derivatives as evidence.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Shin-ya Koyama and Arshay Sheth, “Chebyshev's bias for modular forms”, arXiv:2509.04187 (2026).

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