Stapleton's asymptotic conjecture for the degree of irrationality of K3 surfaces

Let (Sd,Ld)(S_d,L_d) denote a very general polarized K3K3 surface of degree dd. Then there exist constants C1,C2>0C_1,C_2>0 such that

C1dirr(Sd)C2d.C_1\sqrt{d}\leq \operatorname{irr}(S_d)\leq C_2\sqrt{d}.

Stapleton's asymptotic conjecture. The degree of irrationality of a very general polarized K3K3 surface grows on the order of d\sqrt d. This refines the known upper bound and is consistent with the open expectation that the degree of irrationality is unbounded as the polarization degree grows.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Nathan Chen and Olivier Martin, “A primer on measures of irrationality”, arXiv:2509.03783 (2025).

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