Eigenvalue-refined factorization conjecture for unitary groups

Let GLnε\mathrm{GL}^\varepsilon_n denote the general linear group when ε=1\varepsilon=1 and the general unitary group when ε=1\varepsilon=-1, and let GL1ε\mathrm{GL}^\varepsilon_1 be its one-dimensional analogue. Let cc be an irreducible element of GLnε\mathrm{GL}^\varepsilon_n, and let (a1,,a)(a_1,\ldots,a_\ell) be elements of GL1ε\mathrm{GL}^\varepsilon_1 satisfying a1a=ca_1\cdots a_\ell=c. Suppose exactly mm of the aia_i equal 11. Eigenvalue-refined factorization conjecture. The number of factorizations c=t1tc=t_1\cdots t_\ell into reflections with det(ti)=ai\det(t_i)=a_i for every ii is

[n]εq1i=0min(m,n)(1)i(mi)[i1 1]εq.[n]_{\varepsilon q}^{\ell-1}\sum_{i=0}^{\min(m,\ell-n)}(-1)^i\binom{m}{i}\left[\begin{matrix}\ell-i-1\ -1\end{matrix}\right]_{\varepsilon q}.

This conjecture proposes that the eigenvalue-refined enumeration known for general linear groups extends to the unitary case; it would, together with the stated counting fact for products of nonidentity elements, imply the corresponding unrefined factorization formula.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Joel Brewster Lewis and C. Ryan Vinroot, “Counting factorizations of Singer cycles in linear and unitary groups”, arXiv:2509.02725 (2025).

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