Eigenvalue-refined factorization conjecture for unitary groups

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Let GLnε\mathrm{GL}^\varepsilon_n denote the general linear group when ε=1\varepsilon=1 and the general unitary group when ε=−1\varepsilon=-1, and let GL1ε\mathrm{GL}^\varepsilon_1 be its one-dimensional analogue. Let cc be an irreducible element of GLnε\mathrm{GL}^\varepsilon_n, and let (a1,…,aℓ)(a_1,\ldots,a_\ell) be elements of GL1ε\mathrm{GL}^\varepsilon_1 satisfying a1⋯aℓ=ca_1\cdots a_\ell=c. Suppose exactly mm of the aia_i equal 11. Eigenvalue-refined factorization conjecture. The number of factorizations c=t1⋯tℓc=t_1\cdots t_\ell into reflections with det⁡(ti)=ai\det(t_i)=a_i for every ii is

[n]εqℓ−1∑i=0min⁡(m,ℓ−n)(−1)i(mi)[ℓ−i−1 −1]εq.[n]_{\varepsilon q}^{\ell-1}\sum_{i=0}^{\min(m,\ell-n)}(-1)^i\binom{m}{i}\left[\begin{matrix}\ell-i-1\ -1\end{matrix}\right]_{\varepsilon q}.

This conjecture proposes that the eigenvalue-refined enumeration known for general linear groups extends to the unitary case; it would, together with the stated counting fact for products of nonidentity elements, imply the corresponding unrefined factorization formula.

References

Primary source

Joel Brewster Lewis and C. Ryan Vinroot, “Counting factorizations of Singer cycles in linear and unitary groups”, arXiv:2509.02725 (2025).

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