XXY equivalence conjecture for maximal equiangular tight frames

Let d>3d>3. An equiangular tight frame (ETF) with parameters (r,n)(r,n) is a set of nn unit vectors in Sr1\mathbb{S}^{r-1} whose coherence attains the Welch bound. XXY's ETF existence conjecture. The following existence statements are equivalent:

(i) An ETF with parameters (d,d(d+1)2).\text{(i) An ETF with parameters }\left(d,\frac{d(d+1)}{2}\right). (ii) An ETF with parameters (d1,(d1)(d+1)3).\text{(ii) An ETF with parameters }\left(d-1,\frac{(d-1)(d+1)}{3}\right).

This conjecture relates existence of maximal ETFs to ETFs in one lower dimension. Maximal ETFs are closely connected with tight spherical 55-designs, and the equivalence remains unresolved in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Sho Suda, Zili Xu and Wei-Hsuan Yu, “Existence and nonexistence of spherical 5-designs of minimal type”, arXiv:2508.18685 (2025).

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