Skolem's local-global conjecture for purely exponential Diophantine equations

From papers

Consider the purely exponential Diophantine equation

c1a11x11a1l1x1l1+c2a21x21a2l2x2l2++ckak1xk1aklkxklk=0,c_1a_{11}^{x_{11}}\cdots a_{1l_1}^{x_{1l_1}}+c_2a_{21}^{x_{21}}\cdots a_{2l_2}^{x_{2l_2}}+\cdots+c_ka_{k1}^{x_{k1}}\cdots a_{kl_k}^{x_{kl_k}}=0,

where the variables xijx_{ij} are positive integers. Skolem's conjecture. If this equation has no solution, then there exists an integer M2M\geq 2 such that the congruence

c1a11x11a1l1x1l1+c2a21x21a2l2x2l2++ckak1xk1aklkxklk0(modM)c_1a_{11}^{x_{11}}\cdots a_{1l_1}^{x_{1l_1}}+c_2a_{21}^{x_{21}}\cdots a_{2l_2}^{x_{2l_2}}+\cdots+c_ka_{k1}^{x_{k1}}\cdots a_{kl_k}^{x_{kl_k}}\equiv 0\pmod{M}

does not hold for any positive integers xijx_{ij} with i=1,2,,ki=1,2,\dots,k and j=1,2,,lkj=1,2,\dots,l_k. This is a local-global principle: an absence of integral solutions should already be detected modulo a suitable modulus, but the general conjecture remains open; the paper presents the statement as an application to the displayed equation.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Maohua Le and Takafumi Miyazaki, “Purely exponential Diophantine equations with four terms of consecutive bases: contribution to Skolem's conjecture”, arXiv:2508.17601 (2025).

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