Discontinuity conjecture for the random billiard walk variance

Let p(0,1)p\in(0,1) be fixed, let bSd1b\in S^{d-1} be a direction, and let σb,p\sigma_{b,p} denote the standard deviation associated with the random billiard walk. A direction is called rational when it is rational in the sense used for the billiard cutting sequence. Discontinuity conjecture. For fixed pp, the map bσb,pb\mapsto\sigma_{b,p} is discontinuous at rational directions. The paper presents this as a conjectural obstruction to approximating an irrational direction by rational directions in a coupling argument; no resolution is given.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ruben Carpenter, “Taming Irrationality: An Invariance Principle for the Random Billiard Walk”, arXiv:2508.12849 (2025).

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