Conjecture on coincidence of pathwise and phase-locking critical coupling strengths

Let u1,,uN u_1,\ldots, u_N be fixed natural frequencies, and let u=(u1,,uN) u=( u_1,\ldots, u_N). Consider the inertial Kuramoto system $$, with coupling strength κ\kappa, phase initial data Θ0\Theta^0, and velocity initial data Ω0\Omega^0. Asymptotic phase-locking means that the phase differences converge to limiting values and the velocities converge to a common limiting frequency. The pathwise critical coupling strength and critical coupling strength coincide. There \exists a finite value κc=κc(ν1,,νN)\kappa_c=\kappa_c(\nu_1,\ldots,\nu_N) such that: (1) if κκc\kappa\geq\kappa_c, then for Lebesgue almost every initial data (Θ0,Ω0)(\Theta^0,\Omega^0), system $$ exhibits asymptotic phase-locking; and (2) if κ<κc\kappa<\kappa_c, then system $$ has no phase-locked states. This conjecture formalizes the expected generic synchronization threshold for the inertial Kuramoto model; the supplied text gives numerical motivation but no resolution.

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Primary source

Hangjun Cho, Jiu-Gang Dong, Seung-Yeal Ha and Seung-Yeon Ryoo, “Inertia perturbation theory for the inertial Kuramoto model”, arXiv:2508.11241 (2025).

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