Ergodic variant of the quadratic Rado conjecture

Let (a,b,c)(a,b,c) be a Rado triple, meaning that a=ca=c, b=cb=c, or a+b=ca+b=c. A multiplicative action is a quadruple (X,X,μ,Tn)(X,\mathcal{X},\mu,T_n) where (X,X,μ)(X,\mathcal{X},\mu) is a probability space and the invertible measure-preserving transformations TnT_n satisfy T1=idT_1=\operatorname{id} and TmTn=TmnT_m\circ T_n=T_{mn}. Let AXA\in\mathcal{X} satisfy

X=j=1kTj1AX=\bigcup_{j=1}^kT_j^{-1}A

for some kNk\in\mathbb{N}.

Ergodic variant of the quadratic Rado conjecture. There exist distinct x,y,zNx,y,z\in\mathbb{N} such that

μ(Tx1ATy1ATz1A)>0\mu\bigl(T_x^{-1}A\cap T_y^{-1}A\cap T_z^{-1}A\bigr)>0

and

ax2+by2=cz2.a x^2+b y^2=c z^2.

This multiple-recurrence statement is presented as an ergodic-theoretic reduction of the quadratic Rado conjecture. The cited results establish related pair configurations and special coefficient cases, but the stated triple recurrence problem remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Nikos Frantzikinakis and Andreas Mountakis, “Recurrence for pretentious systems along generalized Pythagorean triples”, arXiv:2508.09778 (2025).

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