Dickson–Hardy–Littlewood prime tuples conjecture for two linear forms

Let W1W\geq 1 be fixed, and let b1,b2b_1,b_2 be fixed distinct integers coprime to WW. For each prime pp, let νp(W+b1,W+b2)\nu_p(W\cdot+b_1,W\cdot+b_2) be the number of distinct residue classes modulo pp represented by b1,b2b_1,b_2 when pWp\nmid W, and let it be zero when pWp\mid W. Dickson–Hardy–Littlewood prime tuples conjecture. As XX\to\infty, the number of integers nXn\leq X for which Wn+b1Wn+b_1 and Wn+b2Wn+b_2 are both prime satisfies

XWlog2Xp(11p)2(1νp(W+b1,W+b2)p).\sim \frac{X}{W\log^2 X}\prod_p\left(1-\frac{1}{p}\right)^{-2}\left(1-\frac{\nu_p(W\cdot+b_1,W\cdot+b_2)}{p}\right).

This is the two-linear-form case of the prime tuples conjecture and is used here as a conditional input for the asymptotic count of prime pairs with prescribed local conditions. Its resolution is not known in general.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Ayla Gafni and Terence Tao, “Rough numbers between consecutive primes”, arXiv:2508.06463 (2025).

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