Nonexistence conjecture for rational periodic vectors of type (L,R,L,R)(L,R,L,R)

Let C,DC,D be distinct, nonzero rational numbers, and let f(x,y)=Cx2+Dy2f(x,y)=Cx^2+Dy^2 be a binary quadratic form. A rational periodic vector of type (L,R,L,R)(L,R,L,R) is a rational vector undergoing the corresponding four-step replacement cycle, with left and right entries replaced according to the indicated type. Let RC,D(y)R_{C,D}(y) denote the polynomial defined in the paper whose rational roots correspond to such vectors. The (L,R,L,R)(L,R,L,R) nonexistence conjecture. There exist no distinct, nonzero rational numbers C,DC,D such that f(x,y)=Cx2+Dy2f(x,y)=Cx^2+Dy^2 has a rational periodic vector of type (L,R,L,R)(L,R,L,R); equivalently, RC,D(y)R_{C,D}(y) has no rational root. The authors report computational evidence up to height 10410^4, but no proof, and explain that the resulting rational-point problem remains unresolved.

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Primary source

Raghav Bhutani and Frederick Saia, “Replacement dynamics of binary quadratic forms”, arXiv:2508.05816 (2026).

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