Conjecture on the smallest bulk gap for real Wigner matrices

Fix α>0 \alpha>0. Let μ1μN \mu_1\leq\cdots\leq\mu_N be the eigenvalues of a GOE matrix, and let λ1λN \lambda_1\leq\cdots\leq\lambda_N be the eigenvalues of a real generalized Wigner matrix (HN)(H_N) with uniform pp-support, where p2p\geq2. Smallest-gap convergence conjecture. For some sufficiently large pp, for all sufficiently large NN,

dK(minαNk(1α)NN3/2(λk+1λk),minαNk(1α)NN3/2(μk+1μk))=o(1).d_{\mathrm K}\biggl(\min_{\alpha N\leq k\leq(1-\alpha)N}N^{3/2}(\lambda_{k+1}-\lambda_k),\min_{\alpha N\leq k\leq(1-\alpha)N}N^{3/2}(\mu_{k+1}-\mu_k)\biggr)=o(1).

A stronger conjecture states that p=2p=2 is enough. In particular, together with the cited GOE smallest-gap law, the conjecture predicts a constant C=C(α)C=C(\alpha) such that, for every x0x\geq0, the distribution function converges to 0x2ueu2du\int_0^x2u e^{-u^2}\,du. The source gives no resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Albert Zhang, “Quantitative gap universality for Wigner matrices”, arXiv:2507.20442 (2025).

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