Conjecture on the optimal speed of bulk gap convergence for Wigner matrices

Let (HN)(H_N) be a generalized Wigner ensemble with uniform pp-support, and let μ1μN \mu_1\leq\cdots\leq\mu_N be the eigenvalues of a GOE matrix while λ1λN \lambda_1\leq\cdots\leq\lambda_N are the eigenvalues of HNH_N. For fixed α,ε>0 \alpha,\varepsilon>0, write dKd_{\mathrm K} for the Kolmogorov distance between probability laws. Optimal speed of convergence conjecture. There \exists p=p(ε)p=p(\varepsilon) sufficiently large such that, for all sufficiently large NN and uniformly in αNk(1α)N \alpha N\leq k\leq(1-\alpha)N,

dK(N(λk+1λk),N(μk+1μk))N1+ε.d_{\mathrm K}\bigl(N(\lambda_{k+1}-\lambda_k),N(\mu_{k+1}-\mu_k)\bigr)\leq N^{-1+\varepsilon}.

Moreover, a stronger conjecture states that p=2p=2 is enough. The claim would improve the currently stated N1/2+εN^{-1/2+\varepsilon} convergence rate to the conjecturally optimal N1+εN^{-1+\varepsilon} scale; the source gives no resolution status.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Albert Zhang, “Quantitative gap universality for Wigner matrices”, arXiv:2507.20442 (2025).

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