The sharp lower bound conjecture for edge eigenvector Gaussian approximation

Let Gd,N\mathcal{G}_{d,N} denote the space of random dd-regular graphs on NN vertices, and let TN:Gd,NRT_N: \mathcal{G}_{d,N} \to \mathbb{R} be a sequence of statistics that distinguishes edge eigenvector distributions from the standard Gaussian distribution N(0,1)\mathcal{N}(0,1). Sharp lower bound conjecture. There exists a constant c>0c>0 such that

lim infNN1/6distTV(TN,N(0,1))c.\liminf_{N \to \infty} N^{1/6} \cdot \operatorname{dist}_{\mathrm{TV}}(T_N,\mathcal{N}(0,1)) \geq c.

The conjecture asserts that the N1/6N^{-1/6} convergence scale suggested by the local-resampling, moment, and constrained-DBM approaches is optimal for edge eigenvector universality. The supplied discussion presents this as strongly supported by several methods, but does not establish the lower bound or specify a proof for every distinguishing sequence of statistics.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Leonhard Nagel, “Quantitative Edge Eigenvector Universality for Random Regular Graphs: Berry-Esseen Bounds with Explicit Constants”, arXiv:2507.12502 (2025).

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