Conjecture that the crossed-product algebra is no longer type III

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Let M\mathcal{M} be a local von Neumann factor, let σs\sigma_s be its modular action, and let R(M,σs)\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{M},\sigma_s) be the algebra generated by M\mathcal{M} together with the modular evolution exp⁡(isHT)\exp(isH_T). For a typical observable B^\hat{B} of R(M,σs)\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{M},\sigma_s), let its spectral projectors be formed through the coupling of elements of M\mathcal{M} and exp⁡(isHT)\exp(isH_T). Crossed-product type conjecture. Such spectral projectors are not related by partial isometries to projectors in, for example, M⊗1\mathcal{M}\otimes\mathbf{1} or to the identity projector 1\mathbf{1}, because their information contents differ. Hence R(M,σs)\mathcal{R}(\mathcal{M},\sigma_s) is no longer of type IIIIII. The paper explicitly says that this is not proved mathematically and argues for it on physical grounds. It is intended to explain how coupling a local algebra to Tomita evolution can change the type of the resulting algebra.

References

Primary source

Manfred Requardt, “The Crossed Product, Modular (Tomita) Dynamics and its Role in the Transition of Type III to Type II_ v.Neumann Algebras and Connections to Quantum Gravity”, arXiv:2507.01419 (2025).

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