A strengthened equality conjecture for real zeros of logarithmic derivatives

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Let pp be a real polynomial with ZC(p)=2m>0Z_{\mathbb{C}}(p)=2m>0. For each real σ\sigma, let pσp_{\sigma} be the polynomial defined in the source, and write

2mσ=ZC(pσ)≤2m.2m_{\sigma}=Z_{\mathbb{C}}(p_{\sigma})\leq 2m.

Strengthened Hawaii conjecture. There exists σ∈R\sigma\in\mathbb{R} such that

ZR(Q[p])=2m−2mσ+ZR(Q[pσ]).Z_{\mathbb{R}}\left(Q[p]\right)=2m-2m_{\sigma}+Z_{\mathbb{R}}\left(Q[p_{\sigma}]\right).

Moreover, if there exist x,σ∈Rx,\sigma\in\mathbb{R} with Q[pσ](x)>0Q[p_{\sigma}](x)>0, then σ\sigma can be chosen so that 2mσ<2m2m_{\sigma}<2m.

This is presented as a stronger fact following a proven lower bound obtained using Cauchy indices. Its status is left open because the supplied text gives no resolution evidence.

References

Primary source

Dmitry Gnatyuk and Mikhail Tyaglov, “Hawaii conjecture through the lens of Cauchy indices”, arXiv:2506.22330 (2025).

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