A strengthened equality conjecture for real zeros of logarithmic derivatives

Let pp be a real polynomial with ZC(p)=2m>0Z_{\mathbb{C}}(p)=2m>0. For each real σ\sigma, let pσp_{\sigma} be the polynomial defined in the source, and write

2mσ=ZC(pσ)2m.2m_{\sigma}=Z_{\mathbb{C}}(p_{\sigma})\leq 2m.

Strengthened Hawaii conjecture. There exists σR\sigma\in\mathbb{R} such that

ZR(Q[p])=2m2mσ+ZR(Q[pσ]).Z_{\mathbb{R}}\left(Q[p]\right)=2m-2m_{\sigma}+Z_{\mathbb{R}}\left(Q[p_{\sigma}]\right).

Moreover, if there exist x,σRx,\sigma\in\mathbb{R} with Q[pσ](x)>0Q[p_{\sigma}](x)>0, then σ\sigma can be chosen so that 2mσ<2m2m_{\sigma}<2m.

This is presented as a stronger fact following a proven lower bound obtained using Cauchy indices. Its status is left open because the supplied text gives no resolution evidence.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Dmitry Gnatyuk and Mikhail Tyaglov, “Hawaii conjecture through the lens of Cauchy indices”, arXiv:2506.22330 (2025).

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