Uniqueness of the degree greater than one morphism from X0(p)X_0(p)

Let pp be a prime. Write X0(p)+X_0(p)^+ for the quotient of the modular curve X0(p)X_0(p) by its usual involution. Uniqueness conjecture. Up to isomorphism, the quotient map

X0(p)X0(p)+X_0(p) \to X_0(p)^+

is the only non-constant rational morphism of degree d>1d>1 from X0(p)X_0(p) to a curve of genus at least 22. This conjecture is motivated by the stated results for primes below 30003000 and for primes whose Jacobians satisfy the given decomposition hypothesis; the numerical evidence in the source suggests that the decomposition hypothesis applies to an increasing proportion of prime levels, but the assertion for all primes remains open.

Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Maarten Derickx and Petar Orlić, “Morphisms on the modular curve X_0(p) and degree 6 points”, arXiv:2506.21166 (2026).

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