Coordinate-basis expansion and linear independence of Bethe vectors

From papers

Let V\mathbb{V} be the coordinate-basis state space, let X\mathcal{X} be its set of coordinate configurations, and let Ξ\Xi be the set of Bethe-root solutions modulo the relevant permutation equivalence. For xX\mathbf{x}\in\mathcal{X}, write xV|\mathbf{x}\rangle\in\mathbb{V} for the coordinate basis element. For ξΞ\boldsymbol{\xi}\in\Xi, let ξW|\boldsymbol{\xi}\rangle\in\mathbb{W} be the corresponding Bethe vector, and let (x,ξ)\ell(\mathbf{x},\boldsymbol{\xi}) be the coefficient map defined in the source.

Bethe-vector basis conjecture. For every xV|\mathbf{x}\rangle\in\mathbb{V},

x=[ξ]Ξ(x,ξ)ξ.|\mathbf{x}\rangle=\sum_{[\boldsymbol{\xi}]\in\Xi}\ell(\mathbf{x},\boldsymbol{\xi})|\boldsymbol{\xi}\rangle.

Moreover, the set {ξ[ξ]Ξ}\{|\boldsymbol{\xi}\rangle\mid[\boldsymbol{\xi}]\in\Xi\} is linearly independent.

This claim would give an explicit inverse transformation from the Bethe-vector, or energy, basis to the coordinate basis and would prove completeness constructively. The source proves the claim at Δ=0\Delta=0 and reports numerical verification for other values of Δ\Delta, but does not establish it in general.

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Sources & referencesView supporting material

Primary source

Eric I. Corwin, Nikolaus Elsaesser and Axel Saenz, “Coordinate-energy transformation and the one-point function for the Heisenberg-Ising XXZ spin-1/2 chain on the ring”, arXiv:2506.14171 (2025).

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