Completeness of the Bethe Ansatz for the periodic XXZ spin chain

From papers

Let LL) be the length of a one-dimensional periodic Heisenberg–Ising XXZ spin-12\tfrac{1}{2} chain, let NN be the number of up-spins, and let ΔR\Delta\in\mathbb{R} be its anisotropy parameter. For some ε(N,L)=ε>0\varepsilon(N,L)=\varepsilon>0, consider anisotropies satisfying Δ<ε|\Delta|<\varepsilon. The Bethe Ansatz produces Bethe eigenvectors for this chain.

Completeness conjecture. The Bethe Ansatz completely determines the spectrum for all but finitely many values of Δ\Delta with Δ<ε|\Delta|<\varepsilon.

Completeness would establish that, apart from finitely many exceptional anisotropy values in a neighborhood of the isotropic-free point, the Bethe eigenvectors account for the entire spectrum. The source reports extensive numerical evidence but does not provide a proof.

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Primary source

Eric I. Corwin, Nikolaus Elsaesser and Axel Saenz, “Coordinate-energy transformation and the one-point function for the Heisenberg-Ising XXZ spin-1/2 chain on the ring”, arXiv:2506.14171 (2025).

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